Kolkata
Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is a city located in the eastern part of India, in the state of West Bengal. It has a rich and vibrant history that spans several centuries. Here is an overview of the history of Kolkata:
Early History :
The area where Kolkata is situated today has a history dating back to ancient times. The region was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes. The first recorded settlement in the area was a trading post established by the Portuguese in the late 16th century.
British East India Company : Kolkata's history took a significant turn with the arrival of the British East India Company. In 1690, Job Charnock, an English trader, founded a settlement on the banks of the Hooghly River, which eventually became the nucleus of modern Kolkata. The British East India Company established a trading post and later acquired the right to administer the area.
Capital of British India : Kolkata became the capital of British India in 1772 and remained so until 1911. During this period, Kolkata witnessed significant development and became a center of trade, commerce, and culture. The British introduced modern infrastructure, including roads, railways, and buildings, many of which still stand today.
Bengal Renaissance : Kolkata played a pivotal role in the Bengal Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual movement that took place in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a period of great literary, artistic, and social reforms. Prominent figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Rabindranath Tagore, and Swami Vivekananda emerged from Kolkata and made significant contributions in various fields.
Indian Independence Movement : Kolkata was a hotbed of political activism during the Indian independence movement. It witnessed several significant events, including the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and the Swadeshi Movement, which advocated for the use of indigenous products and boycott of British goods. The city became a center of nationalist fervor and witnessed numerous protests and demonstrations.
Post-Independence Era : After independence, Kolkata faced various challenges, including economic decline and political unrest. However, it remained an important cultural and intellectual center of India. Over the years, the city has seen urban development, expansion, and improvements in infrastructure.
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